小学英语基础语法知识大全大纲

对于学习英语的人来说，语法一直都是最难的。但是我们在小学期间接触的语法知识比较少，而且都十分简单易学。下面是本站小编为大家整理的小学英语基础语法知识归纳，希望对大家有用!

英语句子按交际功能的'分类

1. 陈述句(declarative sentence)

用来陈述一项事实或说话人的看法。例如：

We looked upon our youth as the future of our mother-land. I haven’t finished my work yet.

There are various kinds of jobs in the world.

2. 疑问句 (interrogative sentence)

疑问句提出问题，启发读者思考，文章中正确使用疑问句可以加深读者对主题的理解。疑问句可以分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句。

一般疑问句 (general questions)

Can you finish the work in time?

Have you concluded the business?

特殊疑问句(wh-Questions)

Where do you work?

Which point of views is most valid?

选择疑问句(alternative questions)

Do you want coffee or tea?

反义疑问句(tag-questions)

He doesn’t know her, does he?

3. 祈使句(imperative sentence)

用来表达命令、请求或建议。例如：

Don’t be late next time!

Let’s not talk about it any more.

John take these books to the reading-room!

4. 感叹句(exclamatory sentence)

用来表示强烈的情感。例如：

What a long time we have been waiting!

How hard they are working now!

The patient went out without the doctor’s permission!

一、过去完成时

1 、过去完成时是一个相对时态，表示过去的过去，只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。

e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

注：主从句表达的动作紧接时，即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时，主从句都可用一般过去时。

e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army? 2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。

e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books

By eight o`clock, he had finished his homework.

与这个时态连用的时间状语常有：

by 1985, by eight o`clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作结束的时间。

二、现在进行时主要用于：

1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。

e.g. Listen, someone is crying.

What are you doing these days?

2 、代替一般现在时，表示经常性动作或状态，而含有某种感情色彩。 e.g. How are you feeling today?

你今天感觉怎样?(显得亲切)

He is doing well in his lessons.

他的功课很好。(赞扬)

You are always boasting.

你老爱吹牛。(厌烦)

3 、动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。

e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.

与这种时态连用的时间状语常有：

now, these days, recently, this week 等。

一般现在时的用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。

时间状语： every„, sometimes, at„, on Sunday

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

3) 表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

I don't want so much.

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.

I am doing my homework now.

第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back.