英语基础语法知识总结大全

对于学生来说，英语最难学的就是语法知识。要学好英语语法，首先就要了解最基础的语法规则有哪些。下面是本站小编为大家整理的英语基础语法知识归纳，希望对大家有用!

一、过去完成进行时

1.概念：表示某个正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后的当前才结束。

2.基本结构：主语+ had + been + doing +其它

3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。 Had they been expecting the news for some time?他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?

4.特殊含义：①尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。(他没写完)

②企图：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。(他曾努力学习过它) ③未得结果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。(但是我们没有理解) ④最近情况：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。(最近)

⑤反复动作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。(屡次)

⑥情绪：What had he been doing?他做了什么?(不耐烦)

二、 将来完成进行时

1.概念：表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。

2.基本结构：shall/will have been doing

3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了。

If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们如不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。

介 词

一、介词的主要用法：介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)..或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,

如：out of(从…中出来)because of(因为)away from(距离…),

on top of(在…顶上)ever since(自从…)next to(在…隔壁),

according to(根据…) in front of(在…前方)等。

二、介词短语的句法作用：

介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。

如：The man came .(状)(那个人走下楼来)

The woman is from the countryside.

(定)(头上戴花的妇女来自乡下)

The teacher is now with the pupils.

(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)

三、介词短语在句子中的位置：

介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,

如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾;

介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后;

介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。

如：He wanted to find a good jobin Shanghai the next year.

(状语)(他想来年在上海找份好工作) They searched the roomfor the thief.(他们在房间里搜索小偷)

The letters are for you.(表语)(信是给你的`)

Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?

(定语)(你看见一只黑头白腿的猫了吗?)

一、主语

1、名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。

如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。)

They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。)

To see is to believe.(耳听为虚眼见为实).

Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)

2、动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。

如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey.

(在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)

3、口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略： (It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。) (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。) (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。)

4、反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：

The man looks worried,doesn’the? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗?)

Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗?)

5、祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。

Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)

6、主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾;倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。

如：Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。)

Where are they? (他们在哪儿?)

Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗?)

7、主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。

Neither Jim nor Rosehas passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。)

The Chinese peopleare a hardworking and brave people.

(中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)