人教版九年级定语从句讲解

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人教版九年级定语从句讲解

一. 定语从句的`功用和结构

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

Do you know everybody who came to the party?

I still remember the night when I first came to thevillage?

This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.

二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。

1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:

I don’t like peoplewho talk much but do little.

The cars which areproduced in Hubei Province sell very well.

2. 作宾语:

She is the personthat I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that mygrandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

3. 作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:

What’s the name ofthe young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whosefather is a teacher studies very hard.

4. 作状语

I’ll never forgetthe day when I first came to Beijing.

This is the housewhere I was born.

三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:

The person whobroke the window must pay for it.

The boy who iswearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:

Do you know theyoung man (whom) we met at the gate?

Mr. Lee (whom) youwant to see has come.

3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:

The girl whosemother is ill is staying at home today.

I know the boywhose father is a professor.

4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:

A dictionary is abook which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book(which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:

I’ve read thenewspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the person thatis reading the newspaper over there?

6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

I’ll never forget the time whenwe worked on the farm.

He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

This is the house where we livedlast year.

The factory where his fatherworks is in the east of the city.

四. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题:

1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况:

(1) 先行词是all, few, little,nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如:

All that hesaid is true.

(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如:

He is the onlyforeigner that has been to that place.

(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:

He was the second(person) that told me the secret.

(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

This is the bestbook (that) I have read this year.

(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:

He talked about thepeople and the things he remembered.

2. 只能用which,不用that 的情况:

(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如:

The meeting was putoff, which was exactly what we wanted.

(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:

The thing aboutwhich he is talking is of great importance.

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