考研英语阅读辨别正确及错误选项的方法

考研英语阅读做题时间有限，题量有很大，因此需要考生要把握住复习的重点。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语阅读辨别正确及错误选项的秘诀，欢迎大家前来阅读。

▶正确选项特点分析

1、正确选项是原文内容的同义替换。如果选项中的句子是文中的原文，就有可能是陷阱，不是正确选项，因为很可能会是句子虽对但是与题目不符合。

在同义替换的过程中需要注意的是有可能只是某个单词或者短语的简单替换，也有可能是句式的替换和语态的转换，还有可能是对文中内容的概括归纳和总结。总之表达的意思不变是基本原则。

2、正确选项一般符合常理和道德。这是要分情况去讨论的。因为如果题目是针对文中的某个人物的观点，而且这个人物有发表过什么谬论，那么如果在这种内容上设置题目很明显就只能根据原文的意思来，也就是说正确选项极有可能是不符合常规的。但是，就绝大多数观点类的题目而言，无论是结论也好还是作者观点态度也好，正确选项基本符合常理和伦理道德，以保证不误导大家正确的价值观。

▶错误选项特点分析

1、有比较的选项。典型的就是有比较结构出现在选项中，此类选项要小心。前提注意原文在阐述的时候只是分开客观叙述还是指明了两者之间的比较。如果没有提出，那么选项中的比较就很有可能是做题人自己根据自己的想法而赋予了比较的含义。

2、有过于绝对的字眼一般为错误选项。例如：absolutely,never,all,thoroughly,must这类表示绝对概念的词汇一定要多加小心。从常理来看，世间万物几乎没什么事情是绝对的。因此如果在选项中有类似绝对的表达，就基本可以判断它的正误了。反之，如果有一些类似比较温和的词语的出现，那么作为正确选项的概率也就大大增加了。比如：mildly,may,might,perhaps,partly等等。

3、一些错误选项的典型特征。比如，虽然句子对，但是就是与题目不符;还有一种是句子前半句对，后半句错;甚至有的是一句话中糅杂了原文好几个句子，但意思不对;还有我们在因果关系题目中提及到的，将原文的原因错当选项的结果，亦或者把原文的结果错当成原因。

需要提醒大家的是，不是所有选项都百分之百有规律的。我们在做英语阅读时，在确保文中内容理解的前提下，多多小心题目中的陷阱，做到每做一个题目都一定记得问题是什么，并且用排除法先排除最明显错误的选项。基础结合技巧，阅读也就变得没有想象中的那么难了。

▶1. 主动句变被动句

“英文多被动，汉语多主动”，还需要警惕名词与动词之间暗含的“主被动”关系。

Eg1: It is said that …据说/相传

Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …

Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建议

Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激

Eg5：Students should study hard.

Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.

▶2. 简单句变从句

名词性从句，含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种;定语从句;状语从句

A. 主语从句：

Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.

Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it为形式主语;that从句为真正主语)

B.宾语从句：

Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.

Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.

Eg3：明智的人不为别人的想法所影响。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.

C. 表语从句：

Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.

Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.

D. 同位语从句

Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (该句中a dream = that 从句，)

Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.

E. 含同位语句式

A.人 身份

Eg. I am convinced that …

As a college student, I am convinced that …

I, as a college student, am convinced that …

B. 物 性质

Eg. A strong will brings us power …

As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…

A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…

插入语

Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.

The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.

Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.

The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.

Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.

Others, even so, hold a different view.

Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽车跟很多其他事物一样，具有两面性)

Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.

F. 定语从句：

步骤：1)先写出正确简单句，确定被修饰成分(中心名词)

2)在中心名词后加入定从，关系词who, whose, whom, where, which, when

Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.

Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?

▶3. it 句式

A. 形式主语 it is +被动/形容词/名词+that从句/to do …

Eg1：It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …

Eg2：It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do

Eg3：It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …

Eg4：It is useless/useful doing sth.

B. 形式宾语

Eg1：An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.

Eg2：An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.

Eg3：A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.

▶4. 强调句

A. 强调谓语：

Eg1：I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.

Eg2：Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.

Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.

B. 强调句式：It is/was +被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分。

【步骤】

a. 先写出正确的简单句、并列句或复合句，明确单句的各个成分。

b. 在被强调成分(除谓语和补语外)两边添加it is/was 和that/who， 其他成分不变，必要时调整顺序。

【强调句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who结构，整个句子无冗余或成分残缺。

Eg1：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.

It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.

It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.

Eg2：Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.

(强调句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.

Eg3：The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.

It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.

▶5. 倒装

A. 表否定的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句首，主句半倒装(一般疑问句语序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,

Eg1：I will never agree. Never will I agree.

B. Only +状语位于句首，主句半倒装。

Eg1：When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.

Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.

Eg2：When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.

Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.

Eg3：By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.

Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.

倒装形式

Eg1：Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.

Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.

Eg2：Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.

Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.

Eg3：Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.

Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.

▶6.双重否定：

Eg1：no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.

In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.

Eg2：A strong will is very important.

The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.

Eg3：Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.

Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.

▶7. Ving/ved 状语

A. 两个动作同时发生且主语一致，将次要动作写成v-ing或v-ed形式做状语，即动作与逻辑主语之间为主动关系时写成v-ing形式、为被动关系是写成V-ed形式。

Eg1：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.

I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.

Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.

Eg2：When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.

Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.

Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.

B.两个动作主语一致，但前后发生，则可将先发生的动作写成Having +ved形式。

Eg1：He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.

Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.

▶8. 排比结构

Eg1：Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)

Eg2：We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)

Eg3：作为一种重要素质，自信带给我们力量、唤起我们对生活的热爱、帮助我们战胜困难。

As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.

考研英语中应用文写作，通过模板句型，经典的例句完全可以得到比较理想的分数，因为“言简意赅”就是它的特点。而大作文对于语言表达上的要求要高几个level，只是模式化的文字已经不足以打动考官，需要在原有的结构上进一步创新，让考官看的跌宕起伏，还是昏昏欲睡才是高低分的关键所在。

▶1.首末段重点看

不论是任何的文章类型，都需要认真去读首段，末段其实是可以选择性的去看的，前提是末段会不会设题目，或者说当最后一个题目出现的时候最后一段还没有碰到过，那么很有可能这个题目的答案就在末段，这类型的题目以态度题居多。而首段要重点看，是不言而喻的。因为只有看完了首段我们才能先入为主的大概了解下这篇文章想要告诉我们什么，或者想要引入什么主题。

▶2.首段中有转折

如果有转折，(转折关系无非体现在转折词上，but, however, yet, though, while等等‘)转折处多有考察。虽不能说是绝对，但是我们应该明白，思想的表达，观点的陈述一旦出现转折，转折之后就是重点。

▶3.长难句要重点看

在每一篇文章中总是会出现几个让大家非常头疼的又长又难，一眼望不到句号的句子。也许你的心里在想，这么难，一句不看不至于影响整篇文章吧。但是不得不告诉大家，对整篇的影响可能的确是不大，可是对于题目的影响会非常大。

经验告诉大家：有长难句，就会有考题哦。所以平日练就的长难句分析能力就赶紧派上用场了。但是在长难句的分析中，依旧是以主句为主。主句一般是剔除掉修饰之后的成分。比如从句，非谓语结构，介词短语结构，甚至是形容词，副词结构。主句真正体现主要意思。那么从属成分就是可以选择略读的成分。

▶4.观点处细看

每篇文章都有5个题目，而在5个题目中可以不夸张的说一定要三个题目是要涉及人物观点的。那么大家在回到原文的时候一定是重点细看观点处。前提是什么地方就是观点的体现。简单说就是有思想的，而非客观描述的事实。还需注意的是：作者观点在文章中一把比较隐蔽，那么没有人物提到，但很明确是个观点的.体现，就一定是作者的观点。

那么对于文中人物观点的话，有一些关键词：sb argue/ believe/ think/ claim/ deem 等等之后的内容就是观点句。还有直接引用也属于观点句。与观点不相关的种种都可以省略看。在阅读文章中最明显的就是，提及到人物的职位，头衔，成就等等。

▶5.举例和例子

阅读中有一类典型的题目叫做例证题。例证题指的是例子证明观点。这在文章的行文中是最常用的手段用来证明作者或者是文中人物想要陈述的或则想要反驳的观点的。既然是议论文的一种重要的写作手段，也必定成为出题人比较青睐的考察点。

只要记住例子的出现就是为了观点的证明。并且这种题目十有八九都是让大家找到那个观点，只不过根据例子的范围不同，它要证明的观点也有不同的说法。如果例子在开头，则为了引出下文。如果例子出现在段中则为了证明细节观点，但是如果例子是整段甚者好几段，那么只有一种情况，是为了证明全文中心的。

最后，看文章离不了中心，做题目更离不开中心意思。而文中频频出现的词和意思就是本文的中心。