考研英语阅读的错误有哪些

考研英语阅读是英语科目的重头戏，这一关不简单，但必须要过，我们可以了解清楚它会出现哪些错误。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语阅读的错误指南，欢迎大家前来阅读。

1.考研考试中干扰措施不是凭空出现的，它们或多或少都会在文章中有所提及，如果仅以在文章是否提到来判断的话，一定会出错。

2.考研考试的一种命题模式是题干中限定答案的范围。如果忽略这种范围，此题必错。

下面就几道考研真题来具体说明题干中需要注意的信息：

What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America—breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?

Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.(1996)

1. According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large part due to ________.

[A] elementary schools

[B] enthusiastic workers

[C] the attractive premium system

[D] a special way of thinking

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. (2005)

2. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.

[A] more inclined to weigh what they get

[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions

[C] nice in both appearance and temperament

[D] more generous than their male companions

这两道题共同的特点就是题干中都有一个表示程度的限定词。第一道题中的限定词是in large part,第二道题中的限定词是most。这两个词语的出现本身就有一个暗示，说明选项中应该有不止一个原因，但是这道题目要求回答出其中最重要的一个因素。原文定位第一道题，可以发现定位句“I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological”中含有四个并列成分，分别是“excellent elementary schools”; “a labor force”;“the practice of giving premiums to inventors”和“the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological”。上述四个内容在选项中都有出现，很多同学会因为先入为主的思维习惯选择A。但是当我们注意到题干中的限定信息是要求找其中影响最大的一个因素，我们就要比照四个因素哪个影响最大。原文中的第四点前出现了above all，这个短语表示“最重要的是”，所以此题应该选择D

类似的2005年的考题中也出现了同样的情况，题干中出现most，选项中出现了列举。“They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of ‘goods and services’ than males. ”这些列举也分别被设计成了干扰项。但是其中受到强调的是above all 后面的这个因素。“like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of ‘goods and services’ than males”， 所以此题答案为D。

从上面的分析可以看出，阅读理解并不是简单的读懂文章就可以把题作对。还要能够审清题目，理解题目要求。一般来讲，题干中如果出现表示时间、范围、程度和先后次序的词语，考生都需谨慎对待，因为这些词语很有可能成为命题人精心设计的陷阱。

下面几个题干供广大考生回去练习。

请仔细观察题干，标示出其中限定性的词语。

1. According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because .

2. The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than ________.

3. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________.

4. The passage shows that the author is ________ the present situation.

5. The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that ________.

1.逗号

要注意的是在考研阅读的文章中，我们要注意几乎每篇文章都有的逗号尤其是2个逗号的情况。2个逗号中间一般为插入语，可以跳读。例如

For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.(2000，阅读1)半导体制造业是美国发明的，而且是新的电脑时代的`核心产业，一度被认为会成为下一个受害者。

2. 冒号

其作用是进一步解释说明前句中的事物或现象，也就是说冒号前后是一个从抽象到具体的过程。如果冒号前面的内容读懂了，后面的内容不管多长都可以不用看。

There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. (2000，阅读4)进行进化式自杀还有一种办法：一直活着、少生孩子。

3.分号

一个分号表示语意并列，2个或2个以上的分号表示结构的并列。有时可利用分号推测句子意思或作者态度。

This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. (1997，阅读5)这不是昙花一现，在过去几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预测水平。

4.破折号

两破折号中为插入语时，看暂时跳读

But in the past 100, 000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. (2000，阅读B)可是过去10万年——甚至在过去100年里，我们的生很活发生了变化，但我们的身体却没有改变。

5. 引号

三个作用：可表示讽刺，用在引号内容是褒义词的情况下。“Scientific” creationism;可用于引用某人观点：“”I struck gold,” says Redmon. (2004，阅读1);也表示专有名词

I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. (2001，阅读5)

我发现，放弃那种“为生活打拼”的信条，转向“减压减速”的生活，将会带来高于经济收入和社会地位的回报;Linda Kelsey不堪压力，辞掉She杂志社编辑职务的消息备受关注之后，她或许与我有同样的发现。

有点要引起重视的是，若是文章中有引号而这内容又出现在选项中则不能选，这种情况至少有5次。在课堂上我们会一一讲解。

6.括号

一是可用于解释前词意义

Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. (1997，阅读3)

影响中枢神经系统、改变感知觉和行为的药物(物质)属于对神经起显著作用的物质

二是补充说明。这点希望我们考生注意。因为考研的文章都是经过命题专家改写的。如果括号内的相关信息没有用，那就可以直接删掉，那既然保留说明一定有用。正确选项和错误选项都喜欢在此命题。希望同学们能提高对此符号的敏感度。

定语从句的翻译方法主要有以下四种：

前置法：把定语从句的内容翻译成“……的”，放在被修饰词的前面。

后置法：把定语从句的翻译放在被修饰词之后，定语从句的后置翻译分为三类：由which引导定语从句时一般翻译为“这”;另一些引导词则在翻译时重复先行词，即被修饰词;还有一些引导词在翻译时可以省略不译。

融合法：将定语从句与主句融合为一个简单句的方法。这种用法往往用在“there be”结构带有定语从句的句型中。

状译法：如果主句和定语从句之间有明显逻辑关系，则翻译为状语。

【真题例句1】

Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

【解析】

可以拆分为：Behaviorists suggest //that the child //who is raised //in an environment// where there are many stimuli //which develop his or her capacity //for appropriate responses //will experience greater intellectual development.

本句的主干即是Behaviorists suggest that ...;that引导suggest的宾语从句，动词是will experience;who引导修饰child的定语从句，动词为is raised;where引导修饰environment的定语从句，动词为are;which引导修饰stimuli的定语从句，动词为develop。who引导的定语从句的翻译运用了“状译法”，翻译为“如果……那么……”;where引导的定语从句因比较短小而采取了前置法，放到了先行词environment的前面，翻译为“……的”;which引导的定语从句翻译为转折关系。

【参考译文】

行为主义者的看法是，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里成长，而这些刺激物能够发展其做出适当反应的能力，那么，这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。

【真题例句2】

The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

【解析】

可以拆分为：The Greeks assumed//thatthe structure of language hadsome connection// with the process of thought, //whichtookroot// in Europe //long beforepeoplerealized//howdiverse languagescould be.

本句的主干即是：The Greeks assumed。That引导assumed的宾语从句，动词为had;which引导定语从句修饰前面的整个宾语从句，即希腊人的观点，句中动词是took;在此定语从句中，long before引导时间状语从句，动词是realized;其中how引导realized的宾语从句，从句动词为could be。which引导的定语从句在翻译时重复先行词，即前面整句，译为“这一观点”。

【参考译文】

希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。