定语从句关系词有哪些

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定语从句关系词有哪些
  定语从句关系词有哪些

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

  1、who, whom, that

限定性定语从句中的关系代词


作主语作宾语作定语
指人who/thatwhom/that(可省略)whose
指物which/thatwhich/that(可省略)whose
指人和物thatthatwhose

非限定性定语从句中的关系代词


作主语作宾语作定语
指人whowhomwhose/of whom
指物whichwhichwhose/of which

特殊情况:

只能用that的情况,

先行词为everything,all,little,much等不定代词时;

先行词被all,every,no,any,some,little,much,one修饰时;

先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时;

先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;

先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时;

先行词有人又有物时;

当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。

不能用that的情况

介词前置时;

非限定性定语从句中

先行词本身是that

多用who,不用that的情况

先行词为anyone,one,ones时;

先行词为those,he和people时;

这些词代替指人,whom在定语从句中指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略,who作宾语变为whom),that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物 。在从句中所起作用如下:

(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

(2)He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。(whom在从句中作宾语)

注:who在定语从句中指人,作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略;做及物动词或介词的宾语,可省略。

2,which,that 用来指物(有六种情况只可用that而不用which)

(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如:

(1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在从句中作主语)

(2)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to comeunwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)

注:which在定语从句中指物,可作主语或及物动词或介词的宾语,作宾语时可省略;that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语,作宾语时可省略,指人时,相当于who或whom,指物时,相当于which,作介词宾语时,介词不可提到that前,当介词提前时,需要用which或whom来代替。

2、whose

(只用作定语)

“whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)

例:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。(“whose parents”表示那个孩子的.双亲)

He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。(“whose”表示那个房子的窗户)

关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语。

1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,“which”代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,“which”在从句省略。[eg:This is the book (which)you want.]

2.如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前面,但有的则放在它前面的位置。

3. 代表物时的that常被省略;

c)被形容词最高级修饰时;既有人又有物时;

e)整个句中前面已有“which”,“why”时

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