含关系副词的定语从句

　1、when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

（1）I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

（2）The time when we got together finally came.

　　2、where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

（1）Shanghai is the city where I was born.

（2）The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

　3、why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语，此时先行词常为reason。可变为for which（常考！）

why=for which

（1）Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

（2）I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

【注意】关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

（1）The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.

（2）From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

（3）Great changes have taken place in thecity in which/where I was born.

　　相关知识

　　一、选准关系代词和关系副词

在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的.成分，如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，就要用关系代词来连接从句；如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来连接从句。例如：

(1) I still remember the days which / that we spent together.

(2) I still remember the days when we worked together.

二、了解仅用that 引导限制性定语从句的几种情况

that 在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情况下，只能用that 来引导定语从句：

1. 先行词是all , much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时。例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy?

2. 先行词被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等词修饰或被the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定词修饰时。例如：

These are all the pictures that I have seen.

This is the very dictionary that is of great help.

3. 先行词既指人又指物时。例如：

My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember.

4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如：

Our school is not the one that it used to be.

5. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：

This is the best English film that I have ever seen.

The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities.

6. 主句是who 或which 引导的特殊问句时。例如：

Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?

Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?

　三、把握“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用

介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。例如：

That's the reason for which he was late for school.

This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.

注意：

1. 定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时，介词应放在动词之后，不能拆开放在关系代词前。例如：

This is the key which you are looking for.

This is the baby whom you will look after.

2. 该结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which.

　四、弄清as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句指代整体时的区别

1位置上的区别：

as 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可插在主句的中间；而which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：

As is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun.

The earth, as is known to us all, turns around the sun.

The earth turns around the sun, as is known to us all.

The earth turns around the sun, which our parents once told us when we were very young.