2015年8月29日雅思考试阅读真题预测

Gorillas comprise the eponymous genus Gorilla, the largest extant genus of primates by size. They are ground-dwelling, predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forests of central Africa. The genus is divided into two species and either four or five subspecies. The DNA of gorillas is highly similar to that of a human, from 95–99% depending on what is counted, and they are the next closest living relatives to humans after the bonobo and common chimpanzee.

Gorillas' natural habitats cover tropical or subtropical forests in Africa. Although their range covers a small percentage of Africa, gorillas cover a wide range of elevations. The mountain gorilla inhabits the Albertine Rift montane cloud forests of the Virunga Volcanoes, ranging in altitude from 2,200–4,300 metres (7,200–14,100 ft). Lowland gorillas live in dense forests and lowland swamps and marshes as low as sea level, with western lowland gorillas living in Central West African countries and eastern lowland gorillas living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo near its border with Rwanda.

Gorillas move around by knuckle-walking, although they sometimes walk bipedally for short distances while carrying food or in defensive situations. Wild males gorillas weigh 135 to 180 kg (300 to 400 lb) while adult females usually weigh half as much as adult males at 68–113 kg (150–250 lb). Adult males are 1.7 to 1.8 m (5.6 to 5.9 ft) tall, with an arm span that streaches from 2.3 to 2.6 m (7.5 to 8.5 ft). Female gorillas are shorter with smaller arm spans. Occasionally, a silverback of over 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in) and 230 kg (510 lb) has been recorded in the wild. Obese gorillas in captivity can weigh as much as 270 kg (600 lb)lla facial structure is described as mandibular prognathism, that is, the mandible protrudes farther out than the maxilla. Adult males also have a prominent sagittal crest.

The eastern gorilla is more darkly colored than the western gorilla, with the mountain gorilla being the darkest of all. The mountain gorilla also has the thickest hair. The western lowland gorilla can be brown or grayish with a reddish forehead. In addition, gorillas that live in lowland forests are more slender and agile than the more bulky mountain gorillas. The eastern gorilla also has a longer face and broader chest than the western gorilla.

Studies have shown gorilla blood is not reactive to anti-A and anti-B monoclonal antibodies, which would, in humans, indicate type O blood. Due to novel sequences, though, it is different enough to not conform with the human ABO blood group system, into which the other great apes fit. Like humans, gorillas have individual finger prints. Their eye color is dark brown, framed by a black ring around the iris. Similar to humans, the leading cause of death in gorillas is cardiovascular disease.

大猩猩组成同名属大猩猩,最大的现存属灵长类动物的大小。他们是这样,主要是食草猿生活在非洲中部的森林。属分为两个物种和四个或五个亚种。大猩猩的DNA是高度相似的人,从95 - 99%取决于数是什么,他们是未来的.近亲人类在倭黑猩猩和常见的黑猩猩。

大猩猩在非洲的自然栖息地覆盖热带或亚热带森林。虽然他们的范围涵盖了一小部分非洲大猩猩覆盖广泛的海拔。艾伯丁裂谷的山地大猩猩栖息于山地森林云维龙加火山,海拔从2200 - 4300米(7200 - 14100英尺)。低地大猩猩生活在茂密的森林、低地湿地和沼泽低海平面,与西部低地大猩猩生活在西非国家中部和东部低地大猩猩生活在刚果民主共和国和卢旺达边境附近。

大猩猩移动关节,尽管他们有时两足行走不同的长短短距离携带食物或在防守的情况。野生雄性大猩猩体重135到180公斤(300到400磅),而成年女性通常体重成年男性的一半在68 - 113公斤(150 - 250磅)。成年男性是1.7到1.8米(5.6到5.9英尺)高,有臂展,streaches从2.3到2.6米(7.5到8.5英尺)。雌性大猩猩与小胳膊跨度短。偶尔,银背大猩猩超过1.8米(5英尺11英寸),体重230公斤(510磅)一直在野外记录。肥胖的大猩猩圈养可以重达270公斤(600磅)。大猩猩面部结构被描述为下颌突颌,也就是说,下颌突出比上颌更远。成年男性也有一个突出的矢状脊。

大猩猩东部比西部更深色的大猩猩,山地大猩猩是最黑暗的。山地大猩猩也有厚的头发。西部低地大猩猩可以与红棕色或浅灰色的额头。此外,大猩猩生活在低地森林更苗条和敏捷比笨重的山地大猩猩。东部大猩猩也有更长的脸,更广泛的胸部比西方的大猩猩。

研究表明大猩猩血液不活性anti-A anti-B单克隆抗体,从而,在人类身上,表明O型血。由于小说序列,它足够不同的不符合人类的ABO血型系统,其他类人猿的健康。像人类一样,大猩猩有个人指纹。他们的眼睛的颜色是深棕色,周围有一圈黑色的虹膜。与人类相似,在大猩猩是心血管疾病死亡的主要原因。