2015.6大学英语六级考试选词填空真题

　　原文如下：

Innovation, the elixir (灵丹妙药) of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution hand weavers were ___36___ aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has 37 many of the mid-skill jobs that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.

For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such disruption is a natural part of rising ___38___. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more ___39___ society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was ___40___ on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered 41 , but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has___42___, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers.

Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its ___43___. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology's 44 will feel like a tornado (旋风), hitting the rich world first, but 45 sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it.

　　参考译文：

发明创新被视为进步的灵丹妙药，却使很多人失去了自己的工作。在工业革命中，机器式织布机代替了手工织布工人。在过去的30年时间里，数字革命取代了许多需要中等技术水平的工作。这些工作在上个世纪曾经支撑中产阶级的生活，如打字员、车票代售点、银行出纳员和许多流水线工作就像当时的手工织布工人一样被取代了。

对于那些认为科技进步让这个世界变得更加美好的人来说，这种破坏性(指技术进步造成个别技术含量不高的岗位的失业)是逐渐繁荣的过程中所必经的阶段。尽管科技创新扼杀了一部分工作，它创造了新的更好的工作。因为当一个生产力更高的社会变得更富有时，富裕起来的人们也就需要更多的产品和服务。100多年前，有三分之一的美国工人在农场工作。而现在只有不到之前2%的人却生产出比以前多得多的粮食。数以百万计的工人离开农场后不但没有没有失业，相反地，当经济发展更为多样化的时候，他们也找到了薪水更高的'工作。现在，当秘书的人少了，但是当电脑程序员和网页设计师的人却多了。

乐观主义者的出发点是正确的，但是对于工人来说，技术对工作岗位所带来的混乱影响远比技术所带来的好处更为明显。即使出现了新的工作和更棒的产品，短期内收入差距会变大，这将造成社会混乱甚至可能影响政治稳定。技术的冲击犹如一场龙卷风，首先影响发达国家，但是终究也会席卷那些不发达的国家，没有哪个政府可以做好全面的准备。