四级英语考试的必备阅读技巧

在大学英语四级考试中，阅读理解是需要考生准备一些技巧的。为此本站小编为大家带来大学英语四级考试的阅读理解的必备技巧。

推断题要求考生根据文章陈述的观点或描述的事实进行推断，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。推断需建立在对文章相关信息透彻理解的基础上，即根据题目要求与提示，找到文正相关信息且准确把握其深层含义或句间的逻辑关系，得出正确的推论。

1.正确选项特征

(1)凡是能从文中合理推断出的信息，都与主旨相关;

(2)合理推断只能从原文提供的信息范围内进行推断，不能凭借经验或常识进行推理。

2.错误选项特征

(1)过度推理：备选项虽是从文中信息推出，但超出文章范围，属于过度推理;

(2)常识干扰：符合常识但是不是从文中推理出来的;

(3)曲解文意：对文中信息的.曲解，推理错误。

3.答题技巧

(1) 正确选项中经常含有不肯定或者委婉词汇，表示不绝对化。此类词汇有may,could,probably,sometimes,usually,often等;

(2)在推断选项中，错误选项长含有绝对化词汇。如：never,always,absolutely,nothing,everyone,necessary,indispensable等;

(3)正确选项多是概括性选项，合乎常理且意思深刻;而照搬原文或对原文作字面解释的选项则不是正确答案;

主要考察大家对整篇文章的理解能力。主要是对文章的中心思想、文章标题和作者的写作目的进行提问。解决此类问题，最有效的办法就是抓住文章的主题句、归纳出中心思想。

1.正确选型特征：

(1) 选项应包括文章的核心词汇，这类题经常在文中出现;

(2) 选项应准确，不能与原文信息相悖。

2.错误选项特征：

和细节题的判断方法基本一致，就不重复了。

3.解题技巧：

(1) 首先考虑概括性较强的选项、忌选择内容片面的选项;

(2) 干扰项也会出现概括范围过大的情况，即概括内容超出文章阐述内容;

(3) 备选项中出现意义相近的选项时，应仔细比较词义的细微差别，一般其中之一为正确选项。

It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don’t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth’s story:

I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔间) offices and window offices.I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.

It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice” isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you’ll probablyhave to ask for it.

Performance is your best bargaining chip (筹码) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are beingmade, you are more likely to get the raise you want.

Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?

Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared touse communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.

练习题：

Choose correct answers to the question:

1. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should ________.

A. demonstrate his capability

B. give his boss a good impression

C. ask for as much money as he can

D. ask for the salary he hopes to get

2. What can be inferred from Beth’s story?

A. Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.

B. If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.

C. People should not be content with what they have got.

D. People should be careful when negotiating for a job.

3. We can learn from the passage that ________.

A. unfairness exists in salary increases

B. most people are overworked and underpaid

C. one should avoid overstating one’s performance

D. most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises

4. To get a pay raise, a person should ________.

A. advertise himself on the job market

B. persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract

C) try to get inside information about the organization

D) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions

5. To be successful in negotiations, one must ________.

A. meet his boss at the appropriate time

B. arrive at the negotiation table punctually

C. be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction

D. be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes

1.[D] 推理判断题。根据文章第1句。开头立论：“It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement在进入公司以前就谈妥你的最初工资要求要更容易些”。因此，在接受一份工作前应该先提出期望薪金要求，即D。注意C中as much…as he can意思太绝对，不妥。

2.[B] 推理判断题。Beth的故事是为了证明第1段提出的观点，主要依据第2段第1句，第3段最后一句再次印证。核心词为ask for。

3.[A] 推理判断题。从Beth的故事中不难总结出：如果你要求加薪或提升，你可能就会得到满足;你如果不要求，老板就可能不予考虑。因此在salary increase中含有很大的主观因素，故而unfair。直接依据为第3段第1句。

4.[D] 事实细节题。根据倒数第3段，performance“工作表现”，timing“抓住时机”和information“利用信息”是加薪的三大筹码。D与其中对timing的阐述一致。

5.[C] 事实细节题。最后一段指出，带着准备好的筹码去跟老板商谈加薪，并在合适的时候拿出来,而且要运用一定的交际手段引导谈判的发展方向，即C。注意其中place your chips on the table at the appropriate time “在适当的时候拿出筹码”不等于A中的meet his boss at the appropriate time。