同位语和定语从句的区别

导语：同位语和定语从句的区别是什么?以下是小编为大家整理的文章，欢迎阅读!希望对大家有所帮助!

　　1、从句所修饰词的不同。

同位语从句所修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词，如belief , doubt , fact, hope , idea , news , possibility , thought , order , suggestion , wish ,answer , information , conclusion , decision , discovery , knowledge , law ,opinion , problem , promise , proof , question , report , truth , risk 等。

定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。

例如：

He has told us a fact that drinking too much does harm to our health.

他又告诉我们一个事实，过渡饮酒对健康有害。(同位语从句)

We have no idea that her mother was a professor ten years ago.

我们不知道她的母亲十年前是个教授。(同位语从句)

This is the book that I bought yesterday.

这是我昨天买的那本书。(定语从句)

I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.

我将永远不会忘记我入党的那一天。(定语从句)

　　2. 连接词的作用不同。

连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether 和how 可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。关系代词和关系副词除了连接从句的作用外，还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语、表语等。引导定语从句的连接词是关系词，常见的关系代词和关系副词有that , which , who ,whose , whom , when , where , why , as，than, but 等。

The news that he wants to get is whether he will be sent to the countryside.

他所想得到的消息是他是否将被派往农村。(定语从句，关系代词that作从句get的宾语。)

Do you have a doubt whether she will be dismissed from school?

你怀疑她是否能被学校开除吗?(同位语从句)

I have no idea how his parents were sad on hearing that their son was killed in the earthquake.

我不知道他的父母一听到他在地震中阵亡是多么悲伤!(同位语从句)

　　3. 从句作用的不同。

定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点，对先行词起修饰、限定作用，描述先行词的性质或特征，与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词的特点，对中心词作进一步补充解释，是中心词的具体内容。

例如：

The man that you saw just now is my bother.

你刚才看到的`那个人是我的弟弟。(定语从句)

The suggestion that the meeting be put off proved right.

推迟会议的建议证明是正确得。(同位语从句)

The suggestion that he had made is that the meeting be put off.

他提出的建议推迟会议。(定语从句)

　　4. 正确理解和使用同位语从句，还应注意以下几点：

A.分隔同位语从句：有时同位语从句与其先行词被其它成分分隔开来，这种分隔主要出于修辞原因，即为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。

The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep‘s clothing .

真相终于大白了，他原来是只披着羊皮的狼。

B.在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式：(should)+ 动词原形。常见的名词有advice , idea , order , demand ,plan , proposal , suggestion , request 等。例如：

The suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted .

采纳了在这里修建一座新桥的建议。

C.同位语从句的先行词往往没有复数形式。例如：

他要来教我们英语的消息昨天我就听说了。

(正)The message that he would teach us English reached me yesterday .

(误)The messages that he would teach us English reached me yesterday .

　　最后我们在一起来做三道练习题:

1. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

A. which B. that

C. what D. whether

2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.

A. as B. which

C. what D. that

3. Luckily, we'd brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way.

A. it B. that

C. this D. which

答案:1. B 2. B 3. D