考研英语写作的语法结构

单词语法是英语学习的基础，要写好作文，大家就必须要对单词的掌握足够熟练。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语写作语法结构的资料，欢迎大家前来阅读。

▶1. 主动句变被动句

“英文多被动，汉语多主动”，还需要警惕名词与动词之间暗含的“主被动”关系。

Eg1: It is said that …据说/相传

Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …

Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建议

Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激

Eg5：Students should study hard.

Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.

▶2. 简单句变从句

名词性从句，含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种;定语从句;状语从句

A. 主语从句：

Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.

Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it为形式主语;that从句为真正主语)

B.宾语从句：

Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.

Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.

Eg3：明智的人不为别人的想法所影响。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.

C. 表语从句：

Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.

Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.

D. 同位语从句

Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (该句中a dream = that 从句，)

Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.

E. 含同位语句式

A.人 身份

Eg. I am convinced that …

As a college student, I am convinced that …

I, as a college student, am convinced that …

B. 物 性质

Eg. A strong will brings us power …

As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…

A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…

插入语

Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.

The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.

Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.

The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.

Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.

Others, even so, hold a different view.

Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽车跟很多其他事物一样，具有两面性)

Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.

F. 定语从句：

步骤：1)先写出正确简单句，确定被修饰成分(中心名词)

2)在中心名词后加入定从，关系词who, whose, whom, where, which, when

Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.

Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?

▶3. it 句式

A. 形式主语 it is +被动/形容词/名词+that从句/to do …

Eg1：It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …

Eg2：It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do

Eg3：It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …

Eg4：It is useless/useful doing sth.

B. 形式宾语

Eg1：An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.

Eg2：An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.

Eg3：A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.

▶4. 强调句

A. 强调谓语：

Eg1：I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.

Eg2：Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.

Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.

B. 强调句式：It is/was +被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分。

【步骤】

a. 先写出正确的简单句、并列句或复合句，明确单句的各个成分。

b. 在被强调成分(除谓语和补语外)两边添加it is/was 和that/who， 其他成分不变，必要时调整顺序。

【强调句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who结构，整个句子无冗余或成分残缺。

Eg1：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.

It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.

It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.

Eg2：Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.

(强调句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.

Eg3：The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.

It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.

▶5. 倒装

A. 表否定的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句首，主句半倒装(一般疑问句语序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,

Eg1：I will never agree. Never will I agree.

B. Only +状语位于句首，主句半倒装。

Eg1：When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.

Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.

Eg2：When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.

Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.

Eg3：By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.

Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.

倒装形式

Eg1：Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.

Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.

Eg2：Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.

Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.

Eg3：Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.

Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.

▶6.双重否定：

Eg1：no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.

In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.

Eg2：A strong will is very important.

The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.

Eg3：Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.

Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.

▶7. Ving/ved 状语

A. 两个动作同时发生且主语一致，将次要动作写成v-ing或v-ed形式做状语，即动作与逻辑主语之间为主动关系时写成v-ing形式、为被动关系是写成V-ed形式。

Eg1：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.

I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.

Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.

Eg2：When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.

Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.

Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.

B.两个动作主语一致，但前后发生，则可将先发生的动作写成Having +ved形式。

Eg1：He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.

Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.

▶8. 排比结构

Eg1：Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)

Eg2：We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)

Eg3：作为一种重要素质，自信带给我们力量、唤起我们对生活的热爱、帮助我们战胜困难。

As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.

考研英语中应用文写作，通过模板句型，经典的例句完全可以得到比较理想的分数，因为“言简意赅”就是它的特点。而大作文对于语言表达上的要求要高几个level，只是模式化的文字已经不足以打动考官，需要在原有的结构上进一步创新，让考官看的跌宕起伏，还是昏昏欲睡才是高低分的关键所在。

一、背诵单词与阅读相结合

孤立地按照单词表背单词的优点在于记忆速度很快，而缺点在于记忆不牢固，常常出现"背了后面忘前面"的情况。如果能够结合实际语境进行理解、记忆则可以更加有效地记忆词汇。因为单词只有放在语境下，放在阅读中，它才是活的，记忆的速度也会大为提高，不仅如此，通过读文章记忆单词的过程中还可以进一步熟悉各种英语语法现象、短语，培养良好的语感等。通过语境背单词，可以高效地掌握其固定搭配等，从而增加形近词辨析、近义词辨析、熟词辨析、单词喻义、引申义等的`理解能力。

二、背诵单词与写作相结合

写作是练笔的最好机会，也是词汇从大脑中倾泻到笔端的最好方法。考生在记忆词汇时，要定期练习作文话题及句型的写作表达，以便把那段时间学会的单词，短语等运用到作文的训练中。这样词汇的记忆会更牢固，掌握起来更容易，同时也提高了写作的语言表达基本功。

三、背诵单词与循环复习相结合

记忆英语词汇，复习、背诵是必要步骤。复习是为了查漏补缺，是为了更好地巩固以前所学过的知识，考研英语中有5500左右词汇需要掌握，除了按部就班地每日背诵外，还需要及时回过头巩固复习，而循环记忆的规律可按照艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线图的规律进行：当天复习，三天进行小循环，一周进行大循环，从而做到定时复习，定时检查，只有如此，词汇才会牢牢记住。

四、挖掘高频高难词汇，重点强化记忆

考研英语词汇背诵中，高频率词汇和高难度词汇都要重点记忆。掌握了高频高难词汇，考生词汇记忆中可以省去很多事。考生尤其必须掌握高频词汇的拼写、基本用法和意思;考生要通过精读历年真题来学习高频词汇，这样的词汇需要反复复习，反复巩固，才能突破，所以考生们在每天的复习中，要随时将较难记忆的单词做好标识，重点记忆。并且尽量增加使用这些词汇的机会。

五、按照难度分类记忆

几乎所有的词汇书都是按照字母顺序排列单词的。这样的排列方式忽略了一个最大的问题：记忆的相互干扰。比如，当你记忆A之后再记忆B，B就会对A形成记忆干扰，而再记忆C的时候就会对A和B同时形成干扰，这就是为什么很多同学都遇到了"背了后面忘前面"的情况。当然，这种干扰不可避免，但我们可以尽量减少干扰的程度。记忆干扰程度的大小取决于你记忆B和C的难度。难度越大，干扰越大。当你费了九牛二虎之力背下了一个难度等级很高的词汇的时候，你前面背的很多词汇也差不多忘了一半。所以，同学们在背词汇的时候要注意首先把词汇按照难度分级，先选择容易的记忆，把难背的词汇放在以后背。这样可以大大提高词汇的记忆效果。

复习重点要明确

在考研大纲公布之后，我们发现其实大部分的内容还是没有变化，但是对于有些模块的新增考点同学们还是要重视的。一般来说，新增考点会有一些直接进入真题的命题范围。因此建议同学们在复习之前先进行分类整理，并在分类整理的基础上可以进一步明确重点，并且把复习的重点在复习资料上标注出来。并且最终也一定要落实到具体的看书和练习中去，用练习检测自己对大纲的掌握程度。

英语阅读是关键

在考研英语中，最重要的莫过于阅读理解了。它是决定考生命运的一个科目。英语大纲要求考生：能够读懂各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过3%)，还能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献、技术说明和产品介绍等。小编在这建议大家要仔细分析真题，并掌握各类型阅读的做题方法和出题规律，真正吃透真题中的知识点，才能提升理解能力。

政治注意新增考点

大家在政治的复习中要注意新增的考点和删除的考点。那些删除的考点我们在日后的复习中已经可以不用去复习了，而新增的考点是我们接下来复习的重点，除了明显的新增考点和剔除考点以外，还要注意修订的知识点。除此之外，大家的复习不要忘了重中之重，也就是时事政治。时刻注意发生的一些大事件，并学会用政治所学的内容去解析它。

调整心态很重要

其实总的来说，这次的大纲并没有发生什么实质性的变化。所以各位同学可以放心的去复习了。今天距离研究生考试还有四个月左右的时间，我们首先就要顶住自己的复习压力，让自己时刻保持在一个良好的状态下。不要被自己的坏情绪拖了后腿。