高中英语短文改错的技巧

导语：掌握高中英语短文改错技巧，有利于同学们拿高分。下面是小编整理的高中英语短文改错技巧，供各位阅读与借鉴。

短文改错口诀：

动词形，名词数；

注意形和副；

非谓动词细辨别；

习惯用法要记住；

句子成分多分析；

逻辑错误须关注。

一. 动词形

主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：

My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)

Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)

上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。

二. 名词数

指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：

…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)

　三. 区分形和副

及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：

I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)

Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)

需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。

四. 非谓动词细辨别

这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：

…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)

Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)

My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)

上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。

五. 习惯用法要记住

主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如：

It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)

We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)

　　六. 句子成分多分析

不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：

They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)

I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)

第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。

七. 逻辑错误须关注

与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：

The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)

First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)

… no way of setting the matter except by selling the someone at home reads instead. (everyone)

上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩)，因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的'意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。

除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误)，以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：

　短文改错解析一则

(I)

There are lots of great places in the town which you can eat without 1. ______

spending too much because of I'm always short of money! There are also some 2. ______

place where it costs a lot, so don't forget to read the menu before going in. 3. ______

The first place is Gino's. It's an Italian restaurant where serving the usual things 4. ______

like pizzas and spaghetti. It's really cheaply and very friendly. Then there's 5. ______

Black's Bistro. This is a caféwhich is opened all day and you can eat anything 6. ______

there from toast, sandwiches, salads, burgers and full meals. Again it's not 7. ______

expensive and is very popular with young people. And finally, how about 8. ______

Peppers? Go there if you want some really nourishing Mexican food. Mexica 9. ______

food can be bit hot, but you can choose dishes which are milder too. 10. ______

(II)

It is one thing to land science instruments on Mars; however, it is quite 1. ______

another to establish a base for humans to explore planet. Daytime temperatures 2. ______

can be rise above freezing, but, because of the extremely thin atmosphere, 3. ______

the sun heat radiates back into space. Even at the equator, the temperature 4. ______

drops -50℃at night. In fact, there is no ozone(臭氧) layer to keep out 5. ______

ultraviolet(紫外线的)radiation, and hardly some oxygen for either breathing 6. ______

and burning conventional fuels. But despite all these problems, scientists are 7. ______

currently working transport and clothing for Mars and an artificial environment 8. ______

in which colonists could live. However, the potential cost make the idea of 9. ______

human life on Mars nothing other than a fantastic dream. 10. ______

　[答案与解析]

(I) h→where。where引导定语从句，修饰表地点的先行词town, where在定语从句中作状语。2.去掉of。because后面接从句，而because of后面接短语。3. place→places。此处名词应该用复数形式。4.去掉where。现在分词短语作定语，where多余。5. cheaply→cheap。cheap和friendly是并列的形容词作表语。6. opened→open。open本身即形容词。7. and→to。from…to…构成固定词组。8.本行无错。9. Mexica→Mexican。形容词作定语。10. bit前加a。a bit是固定词组,在句中作状语，修饰hot。

(II) 1. science→scientific。应该用形容词作定语。2. planet前加the。planet前用定冠词，特指Mars。3.去掉be。can rise在本句中表"气温上升"。4. sun→sun's。名词所有格作定语，修饰heat。s后加to。drop to表"下降到"。6. some→any。在表否定意义的副词hardly后面用any, hardly any oxygen意为"几乎没有任何氧气"。7. and→or。此处表选择关系。ing后加on。work on是固定词组，表"研究"。9. make→makes。本句的主语是名词cost,故谓语动词用单数形式。10.本行无错。